to the second suitor, or he abandons his interest in her, then the second man may lawfully propose to that woman, in keeping with the Prophet’s words: ḥattā yaʾdhan aw yatruk (until he grants permission or withdraws). This ruling reflects the sanctity of a Muslim and the prohibition of violating his rights.

Yet some people pay no heed; they hasten to propose to a woman even though they know someone else has already preceded them and that she has accepted. They trespass upon their brother’s right and undo what had been settled by his proposal. Such conduct is strictly—indeed gravely—forbidden, and it is only fitting that a person who knowingly proposes after being preceded, thereby committing a serious sin, be deprived of success and face punishment.

A Muslim must therefore remain alert to this matter and respect the rights of his fellow Muslims, for the claim a Muslim has upon his brother is momentous: he must not propose over his proposal, nor sell over his sale, nor harm him in any way.