the general purport of Allah’s words: “Womb-relatives are nearer to one another in the Book of Allah.” The scholars are unanimously agreed that the surplus is never returned to either spouse, except for a single report concerning ʿUthmān (may Allah be pleased with him) in which he returned it to a husband. That case, however, may be explained by some factor other than radd—such as the man’s being an agnatic heir or a womb-relative—so the grant was made for that reason, not by way of radd. Allah knows best.