Chapter: The Inheritance of Daughters

1. A single daughter is entitled to one-half of the estate on two conditions:
   • First: she must be alone, with no sisters who would share the portion with her.
   • Second: she must have no muʿaṣṣib (residuary male relative) who would turn her share into a residuary, namely a son of the deceased born to him directly.

   The proof is Allah’s statement: “Allah instructs you concerning your children: for the male, a share equal to that of two females. If there are daughters—two or more—they shall receive two-thirds of what he leaves; but if there is only one, she shall have one-half” (Qur’an 4:11).
   • From the words “…but if there is only one…” we derive the requirement that she have no sisters to share her allotment.
   • From the words “for the male, a share equal to that of two females” we infer the absence of a muʿaṣṣib.

2. A son’s daughter (granddaughter through a son) is likewise entitled to one-half, provided three conditions are met:
   • First: she has no muʿaṣṣib, i.e., no brother or male cousin of the same generation.
   • Second: she has no female co-sharer of her own generation, i.e., no sister or female cousin of equal degree.
   • Third: there is no inheriting descendant above her, such as a daughter who is closer to the deceased.