al-Moulakhas al-Fiqhi - Salih Al-Fawzan - (1/69)

Chapter on the Rulings of Tayammum

Allah – exalted is He – has ordained that anyone who wishes to perform the prayer must first remove both minor and major ritual impurity with the water He has sent down as a means of purification. This obligation remains in force whenever water is available. Yet circumstances may arise in which water is entirely absent, practically unobtainable, or present but unusable because of a legitimate excuse. In such cases Allah has provided an alternative: dry ablution with clean earth, thereby easing matters for this Muhammadic community and lifting hardship.

The Almighty says in His definitive Revelation: “O you who believe, when you rise to perform the prayer, wash your faces and your hands up to the elbows; wipe your heads and wash your feet up to the ankles. If you are in a state of major impurity, then purify yourselves. But if you are ill, on a journey, one of you has relieved himself, or you have been intimate with women, and you cannot find water, then seek clean earth and wipe your faces and hands with it. Allah does not wish to burden you; rather, He wishes to purify you and complete His favor upon you, so that you may give thanks.” (Q 5:6)

باب في أحكام التيمم إن الله ﷾ قد شرع التطهر للصلاة من الحدثين الأصغر والأكبر بالماء الذي أنزله الله لنا طهورًا، وهذا واجب لابد منه مع الإمكان، لكن قد تعرض حالات يكون الماء فيها معدوما، أو في حكم المعدوم، أو موجودًا، لكن يتعذر استعماله لعذر من الأعذار الشرعية، وهنا قد جعل الله ما ينوب عنه، وهو التيمم بالتراب؛ تيسيرًا على الخلف، ورفعا للحرج. يقول الله تعالى في محكم تنزيله: ﴿يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذَا قُمْتُمْ إِلَى الصَّلاةِ فَاغْسِلُوا وُجُوهَكُمْ وَأَيْدِيَكُمْ إِلَى الْمَرَافِقِ وَامْسَحُوا بِرُؤُوسِكُمْ وَأَرْجُلَكُمْ إِلَى الْكَعْبَيْنِ وَإِنْ كُنْتُمْ جُنُباً فَاطَّهَّرُوا وَإِنْ كُنْتُمْ مَرْضَى أَوْ عَلَى سَفَرٍ أَوْ جَاءَ أَحَدٌ مِنْكُمْ مِنَ الْغَائِطِ أَوْ لامَسْتُمُ النِّسَاءَ فَلَمْ تَجِدُوا مَاءً فَتَيَمَّمُوا صَعِيداً طَيِّباً فَامْسَحُوا بِوُجُوهِكُمْ وَأَيْدِيكُمْ مِنْهُ مَا يُرِيدُ اللَّهُ لِيَجْعَلَ عَلَيْكُمْ مِنْ حَرَجٍ وَلَكِنْ يُرِيدُ لِيُطَهِّرَكُمْ وَلِيُتِمَّ نِعْمَتَهُ عَلَيْكُمْ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَشْكُرُونَ﴾ .