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their owner.
Large, immovable implements are treated the same way—an oversized cauldron, beams of timber, iron bars, and anything else that can look after itself, is unlikely to be lost, and does not move from its place. Taking such objects is forbidden just as taking self-sufficient stray animals is forbidden; indeed, the prohibition here is even stronger.
The third situation concerns all other kinds of property: cash, personal effects, and animals that cannot ward off small predators, such as sheep, foals, and calves. If the finder trusts himself to act honestly, it is permissible for him to pick such property up. This category itself is divided into three sub-types:
- Edible animals—for example, a foal, a sheep, or a chicken. Whoever takes such an animal must choose whichever of the following three options best safeguards the owner’s interest:
a. Slaughter it and eat it, while immediately paying its current market value.
b. Sell it after noting its identifying features, then hold the proceeds in trust for its owner.
c. Keep the animal alive, spending on its upkeep from his own funds without acquiring ownership, and later reclaim those expenses from the owner when he comes to collect it. This is because, when the Prophet ﷺ was asked about a stray sheep, he said, “Take it…"
ربها.
ويلحق بذلك الأدوات الكبيرة؛ كالقدر الضخمة والخشب والحديد وما يحتفظ بنفسه ولا يكاد يضيع ولا ينتقل من مكانه، فيحرم أخذه كالضوال، بل هو أولى.
الحالة الثالثة: أن يكون المال الضال من سائر الأموال؛ كالنقود والأمتعة وما لا يمتنع من صغار السباع؛ كالغنم والفصلان والعجول؛ فهذا القسم إن أمن واجده نفسه عليه؛ جاز التقاطه، وهو ثلاثة أنواع:
النوع الأول: حيوان مأكول؛ كفصيل وشاة ودجاجة،.. فهذا يلزم واجده إذا أخذه الأحظ لمالكه من أمور ثلاثة:
أحدها: أكله وعليه قيمته في الحال.
الثاني: بيعه الاحتفاظ بثمنه لصاحبه بعد معرفة أوصافه.
الثالث: حفظه والإنفاق عليه من مال، ولا يملكه، ويرجع بنفقته على مالكه إذا جاء واستلمه؛ لأنه ﷺ لما سئل عن الشاة؛ قال: "خذها؛