al-Moulakhas al-Fiqhi - Salih Al-Fawzan - (2/104)

Sections
Chapter: Rulings on Reconciliation (ṣulḥ)

Linguistically, ṣulḥ means the ending of a dispute. In the Sacred Law it denotes a contract designed to bring about harmony between two opponents.

It is among the most beneficial of contracts, which is why the Law allows a degree of dissimulation when genuine need requires it.

The legitimacy of reconciliation is established by the Quran, the Sunnah, and scholarly consensus.

Allah, Exalted is He, says, “Reconciliation is best” (4:128); and He says, “If two groups of the believers fight, then make peace between them … so make peace between them with justice and act equitably; truly Allah loves those who act equitably” (49:9). He also says, “There is no good in much of their secret conversations, except for whoever enjoins charity, goodness, or reconciliation among people; and whoever does that seeking Allah’s pleasure—We shall grant him a magnificent reward” (4:114). And He says, “So fear Allah and make peace among yourselves” (8:1).

The Prophet—peace and blessings be upon him—said, “A reconciliation is permissible among the Muslims, except a settlement that makes lawful….”

أبواب باب في أحكام الصلح الصلح في اللغة: قطع المنازعة، ومعناه في الشرع: أنه معاقده يتوصل بها إلى إصلاح بين متخاصمين. وهو من أكبر العقود فائدة، ولذلك حسن فيه استعمال شيء من الكذب إذا دعت الحاجة إلى ذلك. والدليل على مشروعية الصلح: الكتاب، والسنة، والإجماع: قال الله تعالى: ﴿وَالصُّلْحُ خَيْرٌ﴾ ، وقال ﴿وَإِنْ طَائِفَتَانِ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اقْتَتَلُوا فَأَصْلِحُوا بَيْنَهُمَا﴾ إلى قوله تعالى: ﴿فَأَصْلِحُوا بَيْنَهُمَا بِالْعَدْلِ وَأَقْسِطُوا إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُحِبُّ الْمُقْسِطِينَ﴾ . وقال تعالى: ﴿لا خَيْرَ فِي كَثِيرٍ مِنْ نَجْوَاهُمْ إِلاَّ مَنْ أَمَرَ بِصَدَقَةٍ أَوْ مَعْرُوفٍ أَوْ إِصْلاحٍ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ وَمَنْ يَفْعَلْ ذَلِكَ ابْتِغَاءَ مَرْضَاتِ اللَّهِ فَسَوْفَ نُؤْتِيهِ أَجْراً عَظِيماً﴾ . وقال تعالى: ﴿فَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَأَصْلِحُوا ذَاتَ بَيْنِكُمْ﴾ . قال النبي ﷺ: "الصلح جائز بين المسلمين؛ إلا صلحا أحل