If the owner authorises the pledgee to meet its upkeep and, in return, to derive benefit from it, that is permissible, for it is a form of exchange.

The second category is property that entails no maintenance costs, such as a house, movable goods, and the like. Here too the pledgee may not make use of it without the pledgor’s permission—except when the pledge secures a loan of qard; in that situation the pledgee must not benefit from the pledged asset, as noted earlier, lest the loan generate a profit and thus fall into usury.