Third: Both the price and the object of sale must be clearly known to the two contracting parties, for ignorance gives rise to gharar (prohibited uncertainty), and gharar has been forbidden. Accordingly, it is invalid to purchase something one has not seen, or has seen but whose qualities remain unknown; likewise, selling a fetus still in the womb or milk still in the udder on their own is impermissible. Nor is the sale called mulāmasa (touching) valid—such as saying, “Any garment I touch is yours for such-and-such a price”—or the sale called munābadhah (casting), as in, “Any garment I throw to you is for such-and-such,” because of the ḥadīth narrated by Abū Hurayrah in which “the Prophet ﷺ forbade mulāmasa and munābadhah,” a report agreed upon.

The sale known as ḥaṣāh (pebble-throwing) is likewise invalid, for example: “Throw this pebble, and whichever garment it lands on is yours for such-and-such a price.”