also Jamʿ, because the pilgrims gather there, and it is likewise called al-Mashʿar al-Harām (the Sacred Monument).

Ibn Qudāmah states in al-Mughnī: “Muzdalifah has three names: Muzdalifah, Jamʿ, and al-Mashʿar al-Harām.”

On the journey to Muzdalifah the pilgrim should remember Allah, for this is a period of moving between the sacred landmarks.

When he reaches Muzdalifah he performs Maghrib and ʿIshāʾ together, shortening the ʿIshāʾ to two rakʿahs, with a single adhān (call to prayer) and two separate iqāmahs (announcements of commencement), one for each prayer, and he does so before unloading his luggage. Jābir (may Allah be pleased with him) describes the Prophet’s ﷺ practice: “When he reached Muzdalifah he performed Maghrib and ʿIshāʾ there with one adhān and two iqāmahs.”

He then spends the night in Muzdalifah until dawn breaks and prays, for Jābir relates: “The Messenger of Allah ﷺ lay down until dawn appeared clearly; then he prayed Fajr as soon as he recognized the morning, with an adhān and an iqāmah.”

All of Muzdalifah is called al-Mashʿar al-Harām; it extends from the two mountain passes of ʿArafah to the valley of Muḥassir. The Prophet ﷺ said, “All of Muzdalifah is a place of standing, but keep away from the valley of Muḥassir.”