and two separate iqamas (second calls to commence the prayer). Likewise, every four-rakʿah prayer is shortened at ʿArafah, Muzdalifah, and Mina. At ʿArafah and Muzdalifah the pilgrim both combines and shortens, whereas at Mina he shortens without combining, performing each prayer in its own time because there is no need to combine.

After the pilgrims have offered Zuhr and ʿAsr in shortened form, combined at the earliest time of Zuhr, they devote themselves to supplication, humble entreaty, and earnest pleading with Allah while remaining in their tents within ʿArafah. They are not required to go to the Mount of Mercy, to see it, or to face it during their supplications; rather, they face the honored Kaʿbah.

One should exert himself in duʿāʾ, earnest entreaty, and repentance at this magnificent station and continue in that, whether he supplicates while mounted, walking, standing, sitting, or lying down—in whatever state he may be. He should select the transmitted, comprehensive prayers, for the Prophet ﷺ said: “The best supplication is the supplication on the Day of ʿArafah, and the best of what I and the prophets before me have ever said is: ‘Lā ilāha illā Allāh waḥdahu lā sharīka lahu, lahu l-mulk wa lahu l-ḥamd, wa huwa ʿalā kulli shayʾin qadīr’—There is no deity but Allah alone, without partner; His is the dominion and His is the praise, and He is over all things capable.”

He remains at ʿArafah, engaged in supplication, until the sun sets; it is not permissible for him to depart before sunset. If he leaves before sunset, he must return and remain there until the sun has set. Should he fail to return, a damm (sacrificial expiation) becomes obligatory upon him for abandoning a required act: the slaughter of a sheep to be distributed to the needy of the Sacred Precinct, or one-seventh of a cow or one-seventh of a camel.