Nor is it forbidden for him to kill animals whose flesh is already unlawful to eat—such as lions and tigers—because they endanger people; nor is it forbidden for him to kill an aggressor in self-defence of his life or property.

If a pilgrim in ihram is compelled to commit one of the prohibited acts, he may proceed but must offer the prescribed expiation, for Allah says, “And whoever among you is ill or has an ailment of the head must offer a ransom of fasting, or charity, or sacrifice” (2:196).

The seventh prohibition of ihram is concluding a marriage contract: the pilgrim may neither marry for himself nor arrange a marriage for someone else, whether as guardian or as agent, because Muslim relates from ʿUthmān: “A person in ihram may neither marry nor arrange a marriage.”

The eighth prohibition is sexual intercourse. Allah says, “Whoever undertakes the pilgrimage during these months must refrain from sexual relations” (2:197), and Ibn ʿAbbās explained, “That refers to intercourse.”

Whoever has intercourse before the first release from ihram invalidates his pilgrimage. He must nevertheless continue and complete the remaining rites—“And complete the Hajj and ʿUmrah for Allah” (2:196)—then perform another Hajj the following year and sacrifice a camel. If the intercourse occurs after the first release, his pilgrimage is not invalidated, but he must sacrifice a sheep.