al-Moulakhas al-Fiqhi - Salih Al-Fawzan - (1/373)

Book of Fasting
Chapter: The Obligation of Fasting Ramadan and Its Time

Fasting the month of Ramadan is a pillar of Islam, one of Allah’s mandatory duties, and something universally acknowledged as part of the religion.

Its obligation is established by the Quran, the Sunnah, and the consensus of the Muslim community.

The Almighty says, “O you who believe, fasting has been prescribed for you as it was prescribed for those before you … The month of Ramadan is that in which the Quran was sent down, a guidance for humanity and clear proofs of guidance and the Criterion; so whoever of you witnesses the month must fast it” (Q 2:183, 185).

The word kutiba (“has been prescribed”) means “has been made obligatory.” He also says, “So whoever of you witnesses the month must fast it,” and an imperative form signifies obligation.

The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said, “Islam is built upon five,” and he mentioned among them fasting Ramadan.

Numerous well-known hadiths further confirm its obligatory status and extol its virtues.

كتاب الصيام باب في وجوب صوم رمضان ووقته صوم شهر رمضان ركن من أركان الإسلام، وفرض من فروض الله، معلوم من الدين بالضرورة. ويدل عليه الكتاب والسنة والإجماع: قال الله تعالى: ﴿يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمُ الصِّيَامُ كَمَا كُتِبَ عَلَى الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ﴾ إلى قوله تعالى: ﴿شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ الَّذِي أُنْزِلَ فِيهِ الْقُرْآنُ هُدىً لِلنَّاسِ وَبَيِّنَاتٍ مِنَ الْهُدَى وَالْفُرْقَانِ فَمَنْ شَهِدَ مِنْكُمُ الشَّهْرَ فَلْيَصُمْهُ﴾ الآية. ومعنى ﴿كتب﴾ : فرض، قال: ﴿فَمَنْ شَهِدَ مِنْكُمُ الشَّهْرَ فَلْيَصُمْهُ﴾ ، والأمر للوجوب. وقال النبي ﷺ: "بني الإسلام على خمس"، وذكر منها صوم رمضان. والأحاديث في الدلالة على فرضيته وفضله كثيرة مشهورة.