for honey, upon acquiring the amount that incurs liability; for extracted minerals, upon bringing out the quantity that incurs liability; and for the fast-breaking alms (zakat al-fitr), at sunset on the eve of the Festival.
Zakat becomes obligatory for a Muslim when five conditions are fulfilled:
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Freedom. It is not due on a slave, for he owns nothing; whatever he holds belongs to his master, and so its zakat is the master’s responsibility.
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The owner of the wealth must be a Muslim. It is not demanded of a non-Muslim, because zakat is an act of devotion and obedience, and the unbeliever is not among the people of devotion and obedience. Moreover, it requires an intention, which is not valid from a non-Muslim. Whether he is nonetheless addressed by the command in the legal sense and will face a particular punishment in the Hereafter is a matter of scholarly dispute. In the hadith of Muʿādh (may Allah be pleased with him), the Prophet—peace and blessings be upon him—said: “Call them to bear witness that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah.” He then mentioned the prayer and added, “If they obey you in that, inform them that Allah has made obligatory upon them a charity to be taken from their rich and returned to their poor.” Agreed upon. Thus Islam is a prerequisite for the obligation of zakat.
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Possession of the nisab. Zakat is not due on wealth below the nisab, a specific minimum that will be detailed later, whether its owner is adult or minor, sane or insane, in view of the general nature of the evidences.
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Stability of ownership, meaning that no one else’s right is attached to the wealth; thus, no