Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah said, “Any people who are permanently settled in a cluster of dwellings—without leaving them in either winter or summer—may establish the Friday prayer there, whatever their buildings are made of: clay, wood, reeds, palm branches, fronds, or anything else. The construction materials themselves are irrelevant; what matters is that the inhabitants are settled, unlike those who live in tents and portable shelters, who usually follow the rainfall, move from place to place, and carry their homes with them whenever they relocate.”

Friday is not obligatory for someone on a journey that permits shortening the prayers, for the Prophet ﷺ and his Companions travelled for Hajj and other purposes, and none of them ever performed the Friday prayer while traveling.

Likewise, anyone who goes out to the open desert for recreation or the like, and finds no mosque nearby in which the Friday prayer is held, is not obliged to attend; he prays Zuhr instead.

The obligation does not apply to women either. Ibn al-Mundhir and others said, “The scholars are unanimously agreed that there is no Friday obligation upon women. They also agree that if women do attend and pray the Friday prayer, it suffices for them. The same ruling applies to a traveler and to a sick person, for the obligation is lifted from these groups as a concession. A person upon whom Friday is binding may not set out on a journey after the sun has passed its zenith on that day until he has prayed it, and before the zenith it is disliked to travel unless he intends to perform it on the way.”