Risālat Ibn al-Qayyim ilā Ikhwānih - Ibn al-Qayyim - (الكتاب/20)

Risālat Ibn al-Qayyim ilā IkhwānihIbn al-Qayyim

Accordingly, this verse contains four principles:

Patience (sabr): restraining the soul from what Allah has forbidden, binding it to His obligatory duties, and holding it back from resentment or complaint against His decrees (1).
Certainty (yaqīn): the firm, steady conviction that admits no doubt, hesitation, uncertainty, or misgiving regarding the five fundamentals mentioned by the Exalted One in His words:
“Righteousness is not that you turn your faces toward the east or the west; rather, true righteousness is for those who believe in Allah, the Last Day, the angels, the Book, and the prophets” (al-Baqarah 2:177); and in His words: “Whoever disbelieves in Allah, His angels, His Books, His messengers, and the Last Day has certainly strayed far” (an-Nisāʾ 4:136); and in His words: “The Messenger believes in what has been sent down to him from his Lord, and so do the believers. All of them believe in Allah, His angels, His Books, and His messengers” (al-Baqarah 2:285). Belief in the Last Day (4) is encompassed within belief in the Books and the messengers.

The Prophet ﷺ gathered these fundamentals together in the ḥadith of ʿUmar, saying: “Faith is to believe in Allah, His angels, His Books, His messengers, and the Last Day” (5).

The sentence, “because He said: ‘They guide by Our command,’” is omitted in manuscript C. (1) The passage from “and it is restraining” to “His decrees” is omitted in manuscript C. (2) Omitted in the base manuscript and supplied from manuscripts B and C. (3) Manuscript C reads “there is no hesitation in it” in place of “there is no doubt, hesitation, or uncertainty in it.” (4) The base manuscript reads “and belief in Allah and the Last Day,” whereas manuscripts B and C support the reading adopted here. This is correct, since belief in Allah is mentioned in the verse, unlike belief in the Last Day. (5) Agreed upon; the wording is that of Muslim. Sahih al-Bukhari, 1:22, Book of Faith, chapter 38, “Gabriel’s question to the Prophet” =

فهذه أربعة أصول تضمنتها هذه الآية: أحدها: الصبر، وهو حبس النفس عن محارم الله، وحبسها على فرائضه، وحبسها عن التسخط والشكاية لأقداره (١). الثاني: اليقين، وهو الإيمان الجازم الثابت الذي لا ريب [فيه] (٢) ولا تردد ولا شك (٣) ولا شبهة بخمسة أصول، ذكرها سبحانه في قوله - تعالى -: ﴿لَيْسَ الْبِرَّ أَنْ تُوَلُّوا وُجُوهَكُمْ قِبَلَ الْمَشْرِقِ وَالْمَغْرِبِ وَلَكِنَّ الْبِرَّ مَنْ آمَنَ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ وَالْمَلَائِكَةِ وَالْكِتَابِ وَالنَّبِيِّينَ﴾ [البقرة: ١٧٧]، وفي قوله: ﴿وَمَنْ يَكْفُرْ بِاللَّهِ وَمَلَائِكَتِهِ وَكُتُبِهِ وَرُسُلِهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ فَقَدْ ضَلَّ ضَلَالًا بَعِيدًا (١٣٦)﴾ [النساء: ١٣٦]، وفي قوله ﴿آمَنَ الرَّسُولُ بِمَا أُنْزِلَ إِلَيْهِ مِنْ رَبِّهِ وَالْمُؤْمِنُونَ كُلٌّ آمَنَ بِاللَّهِ وَمَلَائِكَتِهِ وَكُتُبِهِ وَرُسُلِهِ﴾ [البقرة: ٢٨٥]، والإيمان باليوم الآخر (٤) داخل في الإيمان بالكتب والرسل. وجمع بينها النبي ﷺ في حديث عمر، في قوله: "الإيمان أن تؤمن بالله، وملائكته، وكتبه، ورسله، واليوم الآخر" (٥).

= أنسب في الاستدلال. وجملة (لأنه قال: ﴿يَهْدُونَ بِأَمْرِنَا﴾) ساقطة من ج. (١) (وهو حبس) إلى (لأقداره) ساقط من ج. (٢) ساقطة من الأصل وأثبتت من ب، و ج. (٣) في ج (لا تردد فيه) بدل (لا ريب فيه ولا تردد ولا شك). (٤) في الأصل (والإيمان بالله واليوم الآخر)، وفي ب، و ج كما أثبت، وهو الصحيح؛ لأن الإيمان بالله مذكور فى الآية بخلاف الإيمان باليوم الآخر. (٥) متفق عليه، واللفظ لمسلم. صحيح البخاري (١/ ٢٢)، كتاب الإيمان، باب (٣٨) سؤال جبريل النبي =