Then, when it comes to actually putting something into practice, the deed will either benefit him alone or bring benefit to someone else as well. Thus the categories are three and no more:
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Deeds that pertain solely to the doer and have no direct link to anyone else—such as the ritual prayer.
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Deeds carried out for the benefit of others, like paying the obligatory alms (zakāh).
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Deeds that a person merely commands another to perform; the other person does the act, while his own share lies in issuing the command.
Accordingly, the Exalted One, describing the hypocrites, said: “They enjoin what is evil and forbid what is good” (al-Tawbah 9:67); whereas, in contrast, describing the believers He said: “They enjoin what is good and forbid what is evil” (al-Tawbah 9:71).
The term “good” (maʿrūf) is comprehensive of everything Allah loves—faith and righteous deeds—while “evil” (munkar) is comprehensive of everything Allah has forbidden.
He then said: “and withhold their hands” (al-Tawbah 9:67). Mujāhid explained, “They withhold them from…"