In their Greek-derived logic they freely admit that “the absolute, insofar as it is absolute,” has no existence outside the mind: there is no animal-in-the-abstract existing in external reality, no abstract man, and no abstract being at large. By contrast, the universal “without condition” – which can be predicated of any particular and is divided among particulars – is said to exist externally only as a concrete, determinate individual. At other times they describe it as “existence conditioned by the negation of every positive attribute,” and so it shares with all things the bare label of existence while being set apart from them only by sheer non-existence.
Yet every actual being is distinguished by some positive reality, and existence is better than non-existence. On that premise even the most insignificant of beings would be superior to this entity they imagine to be the Necessary Existent—assuming, for argument’s sake, that such a thing could exist outside the mind. How so, when that is impossible? The factor that differentiates one existent from another cannot be pure nothingness; it must itself be something real.
Hence these men—who claim to be the foremost of later Peripatetic philosophers—speak about the existence of the Necessary Being in terms that, by clear reason and by their own logical rules, amount to denying the very possibility of a Necessary Existent and to combining two mutually exclusive opposites. And this