‘Umar thereupon retorted, “Son of a Jewish woman, some Jewishness still clings to you— or words to that effect! Rather, I shall build it at the very front of the mosque, for the fronts of mosques belong to us.” He therefore erected the Muslims’ place of prayer on the southern (qiblah) side of the mosque.
This structure is what many ordinary people today refer to as “al-Aqṣā.” In reality, however, “al-Aqṣā” is the name of the entire mosque complex, and neither it nor any other mosque is to be called a ḥaram; the only ḥarams are those of Mecca and Madinah. (There is a scholarly dispute about Wādī Waj in al-Ṭāʾif.)
ʿUmar thus built the prayer hall on the qiblah side. It is said that beneath it were steps leading up to the area in front of al-Aqṣā, and that he constructed it upon those steps—an area where the People of the Scripture had never prayed. Neither ʿUmar nor the Muslims prayed at the Rock, nor did they wipe it for blessing or kiss it; rather, it is reported that ʿUmar prayed at the external miḥrāb of David, peace be upon him.
It is authentically established that ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿUmar—may Allah be pleased with father and son—whenever he visited Jerusalem, would enter the mosque, pray therein, and never approach the Rock or any of those spots. The same has been related from several other respected early scholars, such as ʿUmar ibn ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz, al-Awzāʿī, Sufyān al-Thawrī, and others.
The reason is that no section of the mosque enjoys precedence over another, except for the area ʿUmar—may Allah be pleased with him—established as the Muslims’ prayer hall.
Now, given that the Sacred Mosque in Mecca and the Prophet’s Mosque in Madinah—both of which are, by unanimous agreement, superior to al-Masjid al-Aqṣā—are such that concerning one of them it is soundly reported that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: