Once an attribute inheres in a given subject, its effect returns to that subject alone and to no other, and it is that subject—not anything else—that is thereby qualified. Accordingly, when Allah creates in some locus knowledge, power, movement, or the like, it is that locus which, by means of the created attribute, knows, is able, and moves.¹ It is therefore impermissible to say that the Lord is the one moving by that movement, or that He is knowing and powerful by created knowledge and power; rather, He is knowing and powerful through the knowledge and power that subsist in Him.
They further contend that, had Allah created speech in something outside Himself—such as the tree from which He addressed Moses²—that tree would itself be characterized by that speech, and it would be the tree that said to Moses, “Indeed, I am Allah” (Q 20:14).
Likewise, whatever Allah brings into being—whether the speaking of skins and hands, the glorification of pebbles, the responsive echoes of the mountains,³ and so forth—would all have to count as His speech on the same level as the Qur’an, the Torah, and the Gospel. Indeed, every utterance in existence would then be His speech, for He is the Creator of all things. This very conclusion was espoused by the author of al-Fuṣūṣ⁴ and others among those Jahmite, incarnationist, pantheistic thinkers.⁵