Iqtiḍāʾ al-Ṣirāṭ al-MustaqīmIbn Taimiya

Someone might object: "But Allah brings about the result through that very cause." The answer is that whenever the cause is unlawful, resorting to it is impermissible—just as the diseases Allah creates after a person ingests poison do not make eating poison permissible.

The forbidden supplication may itself be directed to someone other than Allah—such as when Christians say, “O Mother of God, intercede for us with God.” It may be addressed to Allah but employ a means of approach that He does not approve, like the idol-worshippers who seek nearness to Allah through their idols. Or it may be a prayer to Allah couched in words unfit for addressing Him at all, because they constitute an act of transgression.

Even though a person may occasionally attain his goal through such prayers, they remain prohibited, for the corruption they entail far outweighs any benefit, as has been explained. Hence they become a trial for anyone whom Allah has not guided, whose heart He has not enlightened, and who fails to distinguish between what belongs to the sphere of creative decree (takwīn) and what belongs to the sphere of legislative command (tashrīʿ)—between fate (qadar) and revealed law (sharʿ).

He must realize that matters fall into three categories:
• Those Allah has decreed even though He neither loves nor approves of them; the causes that bring these about are forbidden and incur His punishment.
• Those He has legislated and therefore loves and accepts from His servant, though He has not aided him to

(1) The printed edition inserts: mustashfiʿan bighayrihi ilayhi (seeking intercession through someone other than Him). (2) MSS A, B, and T read: duʿāʾ Allāh (supplication to Allah). (3) The printed edition reads: an yatawassala ilayhi kamā yafʿalu al-mushrikūn (“to seek a means to Him just as the idolaters do”). (4) MSS A and B, as well as the printed edition, read: daʿā Allāh (“he called upon Allah”). (5) The printed edition has: yarbū (“it increases”). (6) In MS A: liman lam yahd bihi Allāh (“for the one whom Allah has not guided by it”). (7) In MS T: umūr (“matters”). (8) The printed edition reads: bayna amr al-qadar wa-amr al-sharʿ (“between the sphere of divine decree and that of revealed law”). (9) MSS A and B read: wa-huwa lā yuḥibbuhā wa-yarḍāhā (“while He neither loves nor approves it”). The wording adopted here is more reliable; the negative particle lā was probably omitted by a copyist. Alternatively, the conjunction wa may simply link the two verbs, so that the negation covers both love and approval. Either reading is acceptable, though repeating the negation is clearer.
وإذا قيل: إن الله يفعله بذلك السبب، فإذا كان السبب محرما لم يجز، كالأمراض التي يحدثها الله عقب أكل السموم، وقد يكون الدعاء المحرم في نفسه دعاء لغير الله، وأن يدعو الله (١) كما تقول النصارى: يا والدة الإله اشفعي لنا إلى الإله. وقد يكون دعاء لله (٢) لكنه توسل إليه بما لا يُحب أن يتوسل به، كالمشركين (٣) الذين يتوسلون إلى الله بأوثانهم، وقد يكون دعاء لله (٤) بكلمات لا تصلح أن يناجى بها الله، ويدعى بها، لما في ذلك من الاعتداء. فهذه الأدعية ونحوها، وإن كان قد يحصل لصاحبها أحيانا غرضه، لكنها محرمة، لما فيها من الفساد الذي يربي (٥) على منفعتها، كما تقدم. ولهذا كانت هذه فتنة في حق من لم يهده (٦) الله، وينور قلبه، ويفرق بين أمر (٧) التكوين وأمر التشريع، ويفرق بين القدر والشرع (٨) ويعلم أن الأقسام ثلاثة: * أمور قدرها الله، وهو لا يحبها ولا (٩) يرضاها، فإن الأسباب المحصلة لهذه تكون محرمة موجبة لعقابه. * وأمور شرعها فهو يحبها من العبد ويرضاها، لكن لم يعنه على
(١) في المطبوعة زاد: مستشفعا بغيره إليه. (٢) في (أب ط) : دعاء الله. (٣) في المطبوعة: أن يتوسل إليه كما يفعل المشركون. (٤) في (أب) والمطبوعة: دعا الله. (٥) في المطبوعة: يربو. (٦) في (أ) : لمن لم يهد به الله. (٧) في (ط) : أمور. (٨) في المطبوعة: بين أمر القدر وأمر الشرع. (٩) في (أب) : وهو لا يحبها ويرضاها، وما أثبته أصح، ولعل " لا " أسقطت من الناسخين، ويجوز أن تكون الواو للعطف لا للاستئناف، فيكون النفي للحب والرضا معا، وعلى هذا يكون المعنى صحيحا، لكن تكرار النفي أوضح.

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