Likewise, a person may invoke against someone else with a supplication that the Sacred Law has forbidden—just as Balaam son of Beor prayed against the people of Moses, peace be upon him. Many devoted worshippers, especially those who cultivate the states of the heart, are tested in this matter: overpowering feelings of love or hatred for certain individuals seize them, so they begin to pray for some people and against others in ways that are improper. Their prayer may in fact be answered, but they still deserve punishment for having uttered it, just as they would for any other sin. If nothing wipes it out—no sincere repentance, no good deeds that erase sins, no intercession on their behalf, or the like—then they may be punished. The punishment might take the form of being stripped of the taste and sweetness of faith, causing them to descend from their spiritual rank. It may go further and rob them of the very practice of faith, rendering them flagrant sinners. It could even deprive them of the essence of faith itself, leaving them disbelieving hypocrites—or outright disbelievers.
Such trials are all too common among later generations of those who lay claim to inner spiritual states. Their predicament stems from their lack of understanding of the workings of their own hearts and their ignorance of Allah’s law concerning the actions of the heart. At times a person’s inner state gains such momentum that he cannot redirect it; what then issues from him is like an arrow shot from a bow. This overpowering usually results from negligence in the prescribed acts that safeguard the heart, for which he is held accountable. On occasion it arises from sincere effort that happens to be mistaken, in which case he is excused.
One of the delusions of such people and their ilk is their belief that the answering of a forbidden supplication is a mark of honor (karāmah) from Allah to His servant. In truth it is no honor at all. It merely resembles a karāmah in that the supplication proves effective and exerts a compelling force. Genuine karāmah is only that which benefits one in the Hereafter, or benefits one in this world without harming one in the Hereafter; this, however,