pinning their hopes on one idol rather than another. All such practices are hallmarks of idolatry.
Take, for instance, Balaam son of Beor: his supplication was answered against the believing people of Moses, yet Allah stripped him of faith. Idol-worshippers, too, may pray for rain and be given to drink, or seek victory and be granted help.
The detailed answer is as follows. These specious arguments rest on two foundations:
- Transmitted evidence: the reports claiming that certain prominent individuals engaged in this sort of supplication.
- Rational evidence: the presumed benefit people infer from experience and analogy.
As for the transmitted reports, they are either fabricated, mistaken, or devoid of probative force; indeed, we have already cited reliable authorities whose reports say the very opposite.
As for the rational claim, we say: most of the alleged benefits are false. Those who deliberately seek out graves for their prayers—and the like—are answered only rarely. One of them may make countless supplications, yet only one is granted; many of them may implore, and answers come only one after another. How very different this is from the state of those who choose the pre-dawn hours for prayer, who call upon Allah in their prostration, after their prescribed prayers, and in His houses. When such people beseech their Lord with the same fervor shown by the grave-devotees, scarcely a single supplication is left unanswered—except where some hindrance intervenes.