Second: In most cases this involves exhuming Muslim graves and removing the bones of the dead, as is known to have happened in many such places.

Third: Muslim records in his Ṣaḥīḥ, on the authority of Jābir, that “the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, forbade building over graves.”(1)

Fourth: Erecting washrooms (maṭāhir)—places for impurities—among Muslim burial sites is one of the ugliest things that can adjoin graves, especially when the washroom itself occupies the grave of a Muslim man.(2)(3)

Fifth: Turning graves into mosques; some of the texts that forbid this have already been cited.

Sixth: Lighting lamps at graves; the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, cursed whoever does so.(4)

Seventh: Imitating the People of the Book in many of their statements, actions, and customary practices on this account, as is actually the case—along with other objections.

The structure standing over the grave of Abraham, the Friend of the Most Merciful—peace be upon him—remained sealed, and no one could enter it until roughly the fourth century. It is said that a woman connected to the caliphs saw something in a dream and had it breached for that reason.(5) Another report states that when the Christians gained control of those regions