This tendency to deviate is something to which human nature inclines and which Satan adorns; therefore the servant is ordered to keep beseeching God, glorified be He, for guidance to a rectitude in which there is absolutely no trace of Judaism or Christianity.
[Some practices of the People of the Book and the non-Arabs with which certain Muslims have been tried]
I shall now point out (1) a few of the ways of the People of the Book and the non-Arabs that have afflicted this community, so that the upright Muslim may avoid swerving from the Straight Path to the path of those who incurred wrath or (2) of those who went astray.
God, exalted is He, says:
“Many of the People of the Book wish they could turn you back to unbelief after you have believed, out of envy (3) that comes from within themselves, after the truth has become clear to them.”
[al-Baqarah 2:109] (4)
Thus He censured the Jews for envying the believers for the guidance and knowledge they had received.
Some who lay claim to (5) knowledge—along with others—may likewise be tested with a kind of envy toward someone whom God has favored with beneficial knowledge (6) or righteous deeds. Such envy is blameworthy in every situation, and here it counts among the traits of those who incurred wrath.
God, exalted is He, also says:
“Surely God does not love anyone who is arrogant and boastful—those who are stingy and urge people to be stingy, and who conceal what God has given them of His bounty.”
[al-Nisāʾ 4:36–37] (7)
He therefore described them as miserly—miserly with knowledge and miserly with wealth, even though