Iqtiḍāʾ al-Ṣirāṭ al-MustaqīmIbn Taimiya

Hanbal said:
“My uncle stated: ‘I dislike everything that is slaughtered for other than God, and likewise whatever is slaughtered for churches. Whatever the People of the Book slaughter simply to render the meat lawful is unobjectionable, but anything they slaughter intending it for other than God I will not eat, and what they slaughter for their festivals I regard as reprehensible.’

Ahmad narrated—through al-Walīd ibn Muslim from al-Awzāʿī—who said: I asked Maymūn about the animals Christians slaughter for their festivals and their churches, and he considered eating them disliked.

Hanbal said: I heard Abū ʿAbd Allāh say, ‘It is not to be eaten, for it has been dedicated to other than God. Everything else may be eaten. God, Mighty and Exalted, has only permitted us of their food that over which His name is mentioned. He, Exalted is He, says, “Do not eat of that over which the name of God has not been mentioned” (al-Anʿām 6:121), and He says, “and that which has been dedicated to other than God” (al-Baqarah 2:173). Thus, whatever is slaughtered for other than God is unlawful to eat.’

Hanbal also transmitted from ʿAṭāʾ regarding a Christian’s slaughter in which he pronounces the name of Christ. ʿAṭāʾ said, ‘Eat it.’ Hanbal added: I heard Abū ʿAbd Allāh asked about this and he replied, ‘Do not eat it.’ He cited the Almighty’s words, “Do not eat of that over which the name of God has not been mentioned” (al-Anʿām 6:121), and said, ‘I do not regard this as a valid slaughter,’ quoting as evidence, “and that over which a name other than God’s has been invoked” (al-Māʾidah 5:3).

Abū ʿAbd Allāh’s appeal to these verses shows that, for him, the term “disapproval” here signifies prohibition.

(1) His uncle was Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal. (2) The word bihi is omitted in copy A. (3) This is probably Maymun ibn Mihran; for his biography, see the Index of Names. (4) The word bihi is missing in copy A. (5) Quran, Surah al-Anam, part of verse 121. (6) Copy B adds the phrase: “Forbidden to you are carrion, blood, the flesh of swine, and that over which any name other than Allah’s has been invoked” (Surah al-Ma’idah, verse 3). (7) Quran, Surah al-Baqarah, part of verse 173. (8) Copy B reads al-nasara (Christians). (9) Quran, Surah al-Anam, part of verse 121. (10) Quran, Surah al-Ma’idah, part of verse 3.
وقال حنبل: قال عمي (١) " أكره كل ما ذبح لغير الله، والكنائس إذا ذبح لها، وما ذبح أهل الكتاب على معنى الذكاة فلا بأس به (٢) وما ذبح يريد به غير الله فلا آكله، وما ذبحوا في أعيادهم أكرهه " . وروى أحمد عن الوليد بن مسلم عن الأوزاعي: سألت ميمونا (٣) عما ذبحت النصارى لأعيادهم وكنائسهم، فكره أكله. قال حنبل: سمعت أبا عبد الله قال: " لا يؤكل؛ لأنه أهل لغير الله به (٤) ويؤكل كل ما سوى ذلك، وإنما أحل الله عز وجل من طعامهم ما ذكر اسم الله عليه، قال الله عز وجل {وَلَا تَأْكُلُوا مِمَّا لَمْ يُذْكَرِ اسْمُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ} [الأنعام: ١٢١] (٥) وقال: (٦) {وَمَا أُهِلَّ بِهِ لِغَيْرِ اللَّهِ} [البقرة: ١٧٣] (٧) فكل ما ذبح لغير الله فلا يؤكل لحمه " . وروى حنبل عن عطاء في ذبيحة النصراني (٨) يقول: اسم المسيح، قال: كل، قال حنبل: سمعت أبا عبد الله يسأل عن ذلك قال: لا تأكل، قال الله تعالى {وَلَا تَأْكُلُوا مِمَّا لَمْ يُذْكَرِ اسْمُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ} [الأنعام: ١٢١] (٩) فلا أرى هذا ذكاة {وَمَا أُهِلَّ لِغَيْرِ اللَّهِ بِهِ} [المائدة: ٣] (١٠) . فاحتجاج أبي عبد الله بالآية دليل على أن الكراهة عنده كراهة تحريم،
(١) عمه هو الإمام أحمد بن حنبل. (٢) به: ساقطة من (أ) . (٣) لعله ميمون بن مهران، مرت ترجمته، انظر: فهرس الأعلام. (٤) به: سقطت من (أ) . (٥) سورة الأنعام: من الآية ١٢١. (٦) في (ب) : زاد قوله تعالى: " حُرِّمَتْ عَلَيْكُمُ الْمَيْتَةُ والدَّمُ ولَحْمُ الْخِنْزِيرِ ومَا أُهِلَّ لِغَيْرِ اللَّهِ بِهِ " سورة المائدة من الآية ٣. (٧) سورة البقرة: من الآية ١٧٣. (٨) في (ب) : النصارى. (٩) سورة الأنعام: من الآية ١٢١. (١٠) سورة المائدة: من الآية: ٣.

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