Al-Shāfiʿī, then, regarded it as reprehensible for anyone who knows Arabic to use another language’s terms or to mix Arabic speech with foreign words. What the leading Imams have said on this issue is directly traceable to the Companions and their Successors.
We have already quoted what ʿUmar and ʿAlī—may Allah be pleased with them both—said in this regard. Abū Bakr ibn Abī Shaybah relates in his Muṣannaf that Wakiʿ narrated to us, from Abū Hilāl, from Ibn Buraydah, who said that ʿUmar declared:
“No man speaks Persian without falling into deceit, and once a man becomes deceitful his sense of honor is diminished.”
He also reported that Wakiʿ narrated, from Thawr, from ʿAṭāʾ, who said:
“Do not learn the jargon of the non-Arabs, nor enter their churches, for wrath descends upon them.”
(1) The printed edition reads: “And this that he mentioned was stated by the leading scholars,” with the extra word dhakarahu (“mentioned”).
(2) MS A has: “and from ʿAli.”
(3) He is Wakīʿ b. al-Jarrāḥ b. Malīḥ al-Ruʾāsī, the Kufan ḥadith master—trustworthy, firmly reliable, a pious jurist—born 128/745 and deceased 196/812. See Tahdhīb al-Tahdhīb 11:123–131 (no. 211).
(4) This refers to al-Rāsabī; his biography appeared earlier (see Index of Names).
(5) MSS C and D and the printed text read “from Abū Burayda,” but the reading adopted here is sounder; see the next entry.
(6) The epithet applies to the two brothers Sulaymān and ʿAbd Allāh, sons of Burayda al-Aslamī. The context almost certainly points to ʿAbd Allāh, as Ibn Ḥajar notes in Tahdhīb al-Tahdhīb 12:286 (no. 1346): when unnamed, the reference is to ʿAbd Allāh unless the transmitter is one of several specific narrators, none of whom is Abū Hilāl, cited here. ʿAbd Allāh b. Burayda b. al-Ḥuṣayb al-Aslamī was a Successor who served as judge in Marw; Ibn Maʿīn, al-ʿAjlī and Abū Ḥātim declared him reliable, and he is reported by all six canonical collections. He was born in 15/636 and died in 115/733. See Tahdhīb al-Tahdhīb 5:157–158 (no. 270).
(7) khabba: “to act deceitfully,” from al-khib (with a short i), meaning trickery, deception, or fraud; see al-Qāmūs al-Muḥīṭ, s.v. kh-b (1:16).
(8) Musannaf Ibn Abī Shayba 9:11, no. 6332.