He too based his ruling on the report from ʿUmar—may Allah be pleased with him—that forbids adopting their foreign jargon and attending their festivals. This is likewise Mālik’s position, for he said, “One must not enter into iḥrām in a non-Arabic tongue, nor supplicate in it, nor swear by it.” He added, “ʿUmar forbade the jargon of the non-Arabs and said, ‘It is sheer deceit.’” Thus Mālik drew upon ʿUmar’s unrestricted prohibition of foreign speech.

Al-Shāfiʿī, as al-Salafī transmits with a well-known chain reaching Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAbd al-Ḥakam, said: “Allah called those who seek His bounty through buying and selling ‘tujjār’ (traders), and the Arabs have always called them by that name. The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, employed the same Arabic term that Allah had used. ‘Samasirah,’ however, is a foreign word. We therefore dislike that anyone who knows Arabic should call a trader by anything other than ‘tājir,’ or, while speaking Arabic, should give anything a non-Arabic name. The tongue Allah, Exalted and Glorious, has chosen is the tongue of the Arabs: He revealed His Noble Book in it and made it the language of the Seal of His Prophets, Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him. For this reason we say: everyone who can learn Arabic ought to do so, for it is the language most worthy of preference—although we do not declare it unlawful for anyone to speak a foreign language.”