or else from conduct driven by the soul’s caprice, bolstered by specious doubts. For this reason the ḥadith says:
“Love for the Arabs is faith, and hatred toward them is hypocrisy.” (1)
Even so, discussion of these questions is seldom free from personal bias, and each side affords Satan his portion; this is forbidden in every matter. God has commanded the believers to hold fast, all together, to the rope of God; He has forbidden them to divide and differ, and He has enjoined them (3) to reconcile their affairs. The Prophet—peace and blessings be upon him—said:
“The believers, in their mutual affection, mercy, and compassion, are like a single body: when one limb aches, the entire body responds with fever and sleeplessness.” (4)
He—peace and blessings be upon him—also said:
“Do not break off relations, do not turn your backs on one another, do not hate one another, and do not envy one another. Rather, be—O servants of God—brothers, as God has commanded you.” (5)
Both of these reports are sound. On this topic there are innumerable texts from the Qur’an and the Sunnah.
As for the evidence of the superiority of the Arab stock, then that of Quraysh, and then that of Banū Hāshim, it lies in what al-Tirmidhī has transmitted, through the chain of Ismāʿīl ibn Abī Khālid (6) from Yazīd ibn—