Section: The consensus on the duty to differ from the unbelievers and the prohibition of resembling them
First proof drawn from consensus
Section—As for the consensus itself, it is evident from several considerations. The Commander of the Believers ʿUmar, together with the Companions—may Allah be pleased with them—and, after him, the great majority of the imams and the rest of the jurists, inserted into the covenants imposed upon the People of the Covenant, whether Christians or others, and to which those communities bound themselves, the following clauses:
“We shall honor the Muslims and stand up from our seats when they wish to sit. We shall not imitate them in any aspect of dress—whether cap, turban, sandals, or the parting of the hair. We shall not speak their language, nor adopt their kunyas. We shall not ride on saddles, gird ourselves with swords, acquire or carry any kind of weapon, or engrave our signet rings in Arabic. We shall not sell wine. We shall shave the forelocks of our heads, adhere to our distinctive attire wherever we may be, and fasten the zunnār belts around our waists. We shall not display the cross upon our churches, nor display …"