and were set upon them in battle, so that they wrought upon the people and the lands what had never occurred under the dominion of Islam. In this lies a confirmation of his, ﷺ, saying:
“You will surely follow the ways of those who came before you.” (1) as mentioned earlier.
In the time of their Prophet and afterward, the Muslims knew of no state during war except tranquility and remembrance of God (2), exalted is He. Qays ibn ʿAbbād (3)—one of the leading Successors (4)—said, “They preferred to keep the voice low during remembrance, during combat, and at funerals.” (5)
All the other transmitted reports likewise indicate that they maintained composure in these situations, while their hearts were filled with the remembrance of God, in awe and veneration of Him; such was also their condition in prayer.
Raising the voice in these three contexts (6) was the custom of the People of the Book and of the non-Arabs, and many within this community have since been afflicted with it. This is not the place to examine the matter in full.