“Beware—let no one behave ignorantly toward us,
for we would respond with ignorance surpassing his.”[1]
Such usages are many. Likewise, anyone who acts contrary to the truth is ignorant, even if he knows that he is opposing the truth, as the Exalted says:
“Repentance with Allah is only for those who commit evil out of ignorance.” (al-Nisāʾ 4:17)[2]
The Companions of Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) said, “Everyone who perpetrates an evil deed is ignorant.”[3]
The reason is that true, firmly rooted knowledge in the heart will not allow words or actions that contradict it to arise. Whenever something contrary does appear, it must be because the heart has grown heedless of that knowledge, or because the knowledge within it is too weak to withstand what opposes it. Such states negate the very reality of knowledge and are therefore counted as ignorance.
From this it is clear that deeds are genuinely— not merely metaphorically—part of what faith entails, even though not everyone who neglects some deeds becomes a disbeliever or leaves the basic scope of faith. The same holds for the term reason (ʿaql) and similar designations.[4][5][6]