16
Had Allah so willed, those who came after them would not have fought one another after the clear proofs had reached them; but they differed—some believed while others disbelieved. Had Allah so willed, they would not have fought. (al-Baqarah 2:253)
His words, “but they differed—some believed while others disbelieved,” constitute praise for one party—the believers—and censure for the other.
Likewise, His statement: “These are two adversaries who dispute concerning their Lord: as for those who disbelieve, garments of fire will be tailored for them…” (al-Hajj 19) up to His words, “Indeed, Allah will admit those who believe and do righteous deeds…” (al-Hajj 23), together with the sound report from Abu Dharr—may Allah be pleased with him—that it was revealed about the combatants on the Day of Badr: Ali and Hamzah.
(1) Qur’an, Surah al-Baqarah (2):253.
(2) The printed edition simply lists the verses.
(3) Qur’an, Surah al-Hajj (22):19–23.
(4) In manuscript B the reading is either al-muqātilīn (“those who fight”) or al-muqtalīn (“those who are killed”).
(5) The eminent Companion is ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib ibn ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib ibn Hāshim al-Qurashī, Abū al-Ḥasan: the fourth rightly guided caliph and the Prophet’s cousin. He is one of the ten promised Paradise and is generally regarded as the first male to accept Islam after Khadījah—though some say after her and after Abū Bakr—while still a youth. The Prophet married him to his daughter Fāṭimah and left him in his bed on the night of the Hijrah (emigration to Madinah) to return people’s trusts. ʿAlī took part in every military campaign with the Prophet, distinguishing himself in battle and single combat, and through him Allah granted the conquest of Khaybar. He received the bayʿah (oath of allegiance) as caliph after ʿUthmān and remained so until he was killed by ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Muljam in 40 AH. Among the Companions he was pre-eminent in judicial acumen and knowledge. See: Ibn Kathīr, al-Bidāyah wa-l-Nihāyah, 7:324–362; Ibn Saʿd, al-Ṭabaqāt, 3:19–40.
(6) The eminent Companion—both the Prophet’s paternal uncle and foster-brother—is Ḥamzah ibn ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib ibn Hāshim. He embraced Islam in the second year of the prophetic mission, greatly strengthening the Muslims, for he was among Quraysh’s most honored and resolute men. He migrated, fought at Badr and Uḥud, and was martyred at Uḥud in 3 AH. He was known as “the Lion of Allah” and “the Lion of His Messenger.” See: Ibn Kathīr, al-Bidāyah wa-l-Nihāyah, 2:46–50; Ibn Saʿd, al-Ṭabaqāt, 3:8.
{وَلَوْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ مَا اقْتَتَلَ الَّذِينَ مِنْ بَعْدِهِمْ مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا جَاءَتْهُمُ الْبَيِّنَاتُ وَلَكِنِ اخْتَلَفُوا فَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ آمَنَ وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ كَفَرَ وَلَوْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ مَا اقْتَتَلُوا}
[البقرة: ٢٥٣]
(١)
.
فقوله:
{وَلَكِنِ اخْتَلَفُوا فَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ آمَنَ وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ كَفَرَ}
[البقرة: ٢٥٣]
حمد لإحدى الطائفتين - وهم المؤمنون - وذم للآخرى،
وكذلك قوله:
{هَذَانِ خَصْمَانِ اخْتَصَمُوا فِي رَبِّهِمْ فَالَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا قُطِّعَتْ لَهُمْ ثِيَابٌ مِنْ نَارٍ}
[الحج: ١٩]
إلى قوله
(٢)
{إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُدْخِلُ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ}
[الحج: ٢٣]
(٣)
مع ما ثبت في الصحيح عن أبي ذر رضي الله عنه: " أنها نزلت في المقتتلين
(٤)
يوم بدر: علي
(٥)
وحمزة
(٦)
(١) سورة البقرة: الآية ٢٥٣.
(٢) في المطبوعة: سرد الآيات.
(٣) سورة الحج: من الآيات ١٩ - ٢٣.
(٤) في (ب) : المقاتلين. أو المقتلين.
(٥) هو الصحابي الجليل: علي بن أبي طالب بن عبد المطلب بن هاشم القرشي، أبو الحسن، رابع الخلفاء الراشدين، وابن عم رسول الله صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وسلم، وأحد العشرة المبشرين بالجنة، وأول من أسلم بعد خديجة، وقيل: بعدها وبعد أبي بكر وهو صبي، زوجه الرسول صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وسلم ابنته فاطمة، واستخلفه في فراشه يوم الهجرة على ودائع الناس، وحضر سائر المشاهد مع رسول الله صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وسلم وأبلى في الحرب والجهاد والمبارزة، وفتح الله على يديه خيبر، بويع بالخلافة بعد عثمان حتى قتله عبد الرحمن بن ملجم سنة (٤٠ هـ) ، وكان أقضى الصحابة ومن أعلمهم رضي الله عنه.
انظر: البداية والنهاية (٧ / ٣٢٤- ٣٦٢) ، وطبقات ابن سعد (٣ / ١٩- ٤٠) .
(٦) هو الصحابي الجليل: عم رسول الله، وأخوه من الرضاعة: حمزة بن عبد المطلب بن هاشم، أسلم في السنة الثانية من البعثة فقوي جانب المسلمين لأن حمزة من أعز قريش وأقواها شكيمة، وهاجر وشهد بدرا وأحدا وفيها قتل رضي الله عنه سنة (٣ هـ) ، وكان يسمى أسد الله وأسد رسوله.
انظر: (٢ / ٤٦- ٥٠) ؛ وطبقات ابن سعد (٣ / ٨) .