(1) The printed edition reads shahidan ("a witness"). (2) Reported by al-Bukhari in several places: Kitab al-Jihad, chapter “The Merit of Spending in the Path of Allah,” hadith no. 2842; see also Fath al-Bari 6:48–49, and nos. 921, 1465, 6427. Muslim records it through several chains in his Sahih: Kitab al-Zakat, chapter “The Prophet’s Fear for the Blossoming of Worldly Wealth,” hadith no. 1052 (2:727–29). (3) Copy B reads khudrah hulwah ("luscious greenery"), a wording that also appears in some other transmissions of the hadith. (4) “Beware of women” means beware of the fitnah (temptation) posed by women, for many of them influence men through revealing adornment, seduction, soft speech, and by urging attachment to worldly pleasures and aversion to jihad; moreover, most women are characterized by a deficiency in intellect and religion. (5) See Sahih Muslim, Kitab al-Riqaq, chapter “The Majority of Paradise’s Inhabitants Are the Poor, and the Majority of Hell’s Inhabitants Are Women, and the Trial of Women,” hadith no. 2742 (4:2098). (6) The Companion in question is Muawiya ibn Abi Sufyan (Sakhr ibn Harb ibn Umayya al-Qurashi al-Umawi). He embraced Islam at the Conquest, was appointed by the Prophet as a scribe of revelation, fought at Hunayn and then at Yamama, and transmitted many hadiths. Known for leadership, forbearance, generosity, and nobility, he governed Syria under Umar and then Uthman, upholding jihad. During Ali’s caliphate he demanded retribution for Uthman’s murder, leading to the well-known conflicts at Siffin and the Camel affair. After Ibn Muljam assassinated Ali, the Muslims pledged allegiance to Muawiya, and unity was achieved when al-Hasan concluded a treaty with him in 40 AH. He died in 60 AH/680 CE. See Ibn Kathir, al-Bidaya wa-l-Nihaya 8:117–144.