112 – Ibn al-Mubarak, Ahmad ibn Hanbal, and others used to say, “If people differ over a matter, look to what the frontier folk (ahl al-thaghr) are doing, for the truth is with them; for Allah, exalted is He, says, ‘As for those who strive for Our sake, We shall surely guide them to Our paths’ (al-‘Ankabut 29:69).”⦗1⦘
Dwelling on the frontiers and standing guard is among the greatest deeds
113 – In short, residing on the frontiers, keeping watch there, and giving that duty its due are momentous undertakings. The frontiers were once filled with Muslims outstanding in both learning and practice; they were the lands that most visibly upheld the emblems of Islam and the realities of faith, where commanding right and forbidding wrong were most vigorously observed. Whenever someone longed to retreat for worship, to devote himself wholly to Allah, and to perfect his asceticism, devotion, and knowledge, people would direct him to the frontiers.
Why they preferred ribat on the Christian frontiers
114 – Those who chose to perform ribat on the Christian frontiers did so because of the hadith in Sunan Abi Dawud⦗2⦘ narrated by Thabit ibn Qays: A woman known as Umm Khallad came to the Prophet—peace and blessings be upon him—wearing a veil, asking about her son