Masʾalah fī al-Murābaṭah wa-al-MujāwarahIbn Taimiya

jihad at that moment would not entail any manifest harm, just as postponing the prayer would not entail any manifest harm.

93- Were completing the prayer ranked higher than waging jihad, one would have to abandon jihad whenever it became clear that the prayer could not be carried out in full.

Reducing the number of units and shortening the actions

94- The mass-transmitted Sunnah makes it clear that jihad retains precedence even though the prayer performed during it is abbreviated—its actions being curtailed, which results in a reduction of units. Cutting down the number of units is the practice legislated for travel, whereas abbreviating the actions is the practice legislated for fear.¹

95- Hence, when travel and fear coincide, an unrestricted concession to shorten the prayer is prescribed, as in His statement: “When you travel through the land, there is no blame upon you for shortening the prayer, if you fear that those who disbelieve may afflict you” (Q 4:101).

96- The verse is to be understood according to its apparent sense: the unrestricted concession—embracing both a reduction in units and an abbreviation of actions—applies only when the two circumstances come together.

(1) The author, may Allah have mercy on him, said: “The unrestricted, complete qasr (shortening) is of two kinds: shortening the number of rakʿahs and shortening the pillars of the prayer. Shortening the number means reducing a four-rakʿah prayer to two. Shortening the pillars means abbreviating the standing, bowing and prostration, as in the prayer performed during extreme fear and during lesser fear. Travel is the cause for shortening the number, while fear is the cause for shortening the pillars. When both factors coincide, both the number of rakʿahs and the pillars are shortened; when only one factor is present, only its corresponding shortening applies. The Almighty’s words an taqsuru mina s-salat (“that you shorten the prayer,” Qurʾan 4:101) are unrestricted with respect to this shortening, and the Sunnah of the Messenger of Allah explains the concise passages of the Qurʾan, clarifies them, corroborates them and expresses them; it explains the Qurʾan and never contradicts its apparent meaning.” Majmuʿ al-Fatawa, 22/91.
الجهاد في هذا الوقت مفسدة ظاهرة كما أنه ليس في تأخير الصلاة مفسدة ظاهرة. ٩٣- ولو كان تكميل الصلاة مقدما على الجهاد لكان ينبغي أن يترك الجهاد إذا علم أنه لا بد فيه من تحقيق الصلاة. قصر العدد وقصر العمل ٩٤- فلما ثبت في السنة المتواتر أن الجهاد يفضل مع العلم بأنه يقصر فيه الصلاة بقصر العمل الذي هو قصر العدد فإن قصر العدد سنة السفر، وأما قصر العمل فسنة الخوف١. ٩٥- ولهذا إذا اجتمع الأمران شرع القصر المطلق كما في قوله: ﴿وَإِذَا ضَرَبْتُمْ فِي الْأَرْضِ فَلَيْسَ عَلَيْكُمْ جُنَاحٌ أَنْ تَقْصُرُوا مِنَ الصَّلاةِ إِنْ خِفْتُمْ أَنْ يَفْتِنَكُمُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا﴾ (النساء: ١٠١) . ٩٦- والآية على ظاهرها؛ فإن القصر المطلق المتضمن لقصر العدد وقصر العمل، إنما يكون مع الأمرين.
١ قال المصنف ﵀: "القصر الكامل المطلق هو قصر العدد وقصر الأركان. فقصر العدد: جعل الرباعية ركعتين. وقصر الأركان: هو قصر القيام والركوع السجود كما في صلاة الخوف الشديد، وصلاة الخوف اليسير. فالسفر: سبب قصر العدد، والخوف: سبب قصر الأركان". فإذا اجتمع الأمران قصر العدد والأركان وإن انفرد أحد السببين انفرد قصره فقوله سبحانه: ﴿أَنْ تَقْصُرُوا مِنَ الصَّلاةِ﴾ مطلق في هذا القصر، وسنة رسول الله تفسير مجمل القرآن وتبينه وتدل عليه وتعبر عنه وهي مفسرة له لا مخالفة لظاهره" "مجموع الفتاوى" (٢٢/٩١) .

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