of people’s intentions in their lawful acts of worship; consequently, a matter as clear as this has become hidden from many of them. They have begun to venerate places that the early Muslims esteemed only because they lay on the frontier, imagining that such esteem was for innovative practices in the religion of Islam. In so doing they have exchanged the law of Islam for an innovation for which Allah has sent down no authority.
3- In the statements and reports of the early generations one often finds mention of Gaza, ʿAsqalān, Alexandria, Mount Lebanon, Mecca, Qazwīn, and similar locales, together with references to the righteous people who dwelt there—something that, they say, confers honor upon those regions.1
The superiority attributed to certain places stems from their being frontier posts, not from any inherent sanctity in the place itself
4- The point, however, is that these were the Muslims’ frontier zones. The pious among the Muslims would take turns stationing themselves there for ribāṭ, and not in order to withdraw from society and inhabit ghirān2 (mountain grottoes) or caves, or anything else of that kind.