it in two situations: in extreme danger, and in voluntary prayers offered while travelling on a mount.

Section. The prayer has eighteen essential pillars:

1. the intention;
2. standing, for whoever is able;
3. the opening takbīr of consecration;
4. reciting Sūrat al-Fātiḥah, with “In the Name of Allah, the Most Compassionate, the Most Merciful” counted as its first verse;
5. bowing;
6. remaining composed while in the bow;
7. rising from the bow and standing upright;
8. remaining composed in that upright position;
9. prostration;
10. remaining composed while in prostration;
11. sitting between the two prostrations;
12. remaining composed in that sitting;
13. the final sitting;
14. the tashahhud therein;
15. invoking blessings upon the Prophet ﷺ therein;
16. the first salutation (taslīm);
17. the intention of exiting the prayer; and
18. observing the pillars in the precise order just listed.

Its emphasised Sunnahs before the prayer comprise two: the adhān and the iqāmah. After one has entered the prayer there are likewise two: the first tashahhud, and the qunūt—performed in the Fajr prayer and in the witr prayer during the second half of Ramadan.

Its recommended etiquettes number fifteen traits:

1. raising the hands at the opening takbīr, when bowing, and when rising from the bow;
2. placing the right hand over the left;
3. the opening supplication (tawajjuh);
4. seeking refuge (istiʿādhah);
5. raising the voice where audible recitation is prescribed;
6. lowering the voice where silent recitation is prescribed;
7. saying “Āmīn”;
8. reciting a surah after al-Fātiḥah;
9. saying the takbīrs when moving up and down;
10. saying “Samiʿa-llāhu liman ḥamidah; Rabbanā laka-l-ḥamd” (“Allah hears those who praise Him; our Lord, to You belongs all praise”);
11. proclaiming the tasbīḥ during bowing and prostration;
12. placing the hands on the thighs while sitting—spreading the left hand and closing the right, except for the index finger, with which one points while reciting the tashahhud;
13. sitting on the left foot (iftirāsh) in every sitting;
14. adopting the tawarruk posture in the final sitting; and
15. the second taslīm.