Book of Racing and Archery

Competitions that involve riding animals in a race or shooting arrows at a target are valid, provided the course length is defined and the rules of the shooting match are likewise specified.

Only one of the two contestants may supply the stake: if he wins, he takes it back, and if his opponent wins, the latter receives it. Should both contestants put up the stake, the arrangement is impermissible unless they introduce a third contestant, the muhallil, who contributes nothing; if the muhallil wins, he takes the stake, and if he loses, he is not liable for anything.