Matn Abī Shujāʿ - Abu Shuja' - (34)

Section If a husband swears that he will not have marital relations with his wife—either absolutely or for a term longer than four months—he is deemed an ilāʾ-swearer. Should the wife demand enforcement, the judge grants him a respite of four months; after that he must choose between resuming relations, coupled with the required expiation, or pronouncing divorce. If he refuses to do either, the judge divorces her on his behalf.

Section Ẓihār occurs when a man tells his wife, “You are to me as my mother’s back.” Once he says this without immediately adding a divorce formula, he is considered to have “returned” and must pay an expiation. The expiation is: (1) to free a believing slave who is sound and capable of work and earning; if no such slave is available, then (2) to fast two consecutive lunar months; and if he is unable, then (3) to feed sixty needy persons, giving each one mudd of staple food. The husband who has pronounced ẓihār may not lawfully approach his wife sexually until he has completed the expiation.

Section If a man accuses his wife of adultery, the penalty for false accusation (qadhf) becomes due upon him unless he produces proof or undertakes liʿān. Liʿān is performed before the judge, in the congregational mosque, on the pulpit, in the presence of a group of people. The husband says four times, “I testify by Allah that I am truthful in accusing my wife, So-and-so, of adultery, and that this child is the product of adultery and not mine.” On the fifth time, after the judge admonishes him, he says, “May the curse of Allah be upon me if I am among the liars.”

Five rulings follow from his liʿān: the penalty is lifted from him; the penalty becomes obligatory upon her; the marital bed is dissolved; the child is disavowed; and the spouses are forever forbidden to one another. The penalty is removed from her if she also performs liʿān, saying four times, “I testify by Allah that this man is indeed one of the liars in accusing me of adultery.” On the fifth time, after the judge admonishes her, she adds, “May the wrath of Allah be upon me if he is among the truthful.”

"فصل" وإذا حلف أن لا يطأ زوجته مطلقا أو مدة تزيد على أربعة أشهر فهو مول ويؤجل له إن سألت ذلك أربعة أشهر ثم يخير بين الفئة والتكفير أو الطلاق فإن امتنع طلق عليه الحاكم. "فصل" والظهار أن يقول الرجل لزوجته أنت علي كظهر أمي فإذا قال ذلك ولم يتبعه بالطلاق صار عائدا ولزمته الكفارة والكفارة عتق رقبة مؤمنة سليمة من العيوب المضرة بالعمل والكسب فإن لم يجد فصيام شهرين متتابعين فإن لم يستطع فإطعام ستين مسكينا لكل مسكين مد ولا يحل للمظاهر وطؤها حتى يكفر. "فصل" وإذا رمى الرجل زوجته بالزنا فعليه حد القذف إلا أن يقيم البينة أو يلاعن فيقول عند الحاكم في الجامع على المنبر في جماعة من الناس أشهد بالله إنني لمن الصادقين فيما رميت به زوجتي فلانة من الزنا وإن هذا الولد من الزنا وليس مني أربع مرات ويقول في المرة الخامسة بعد أن يعظه الحاكم وعلي لعنة الله إن كنت من الكاذبين ويتعلق بلعانة خمسة أحكام سقوط الحد عنه ووجوب الحد عليها وزوال الفراش ونفي الولد والتحريم على الأبد ويسقط الحد عليها بأن تلتعن فتقول أشهد بالله إن فلانا هذا لمن الكاذبين فيما رماني به من الزنا أربع مرات وتقول في الخامسة بعد أن يعظها الحاكم وعلى غضب الله إن كان من الصادقين.