the feet up to the ankles, and performing the acts in the order already set out.
Its recommended elements are ten: pronouncing the basmalah; washing the hands before putting them into the vessel; rinsing the mouth; drawing water into the nose and expelling it; wiping the outer and inner parts of the ears with fresh water; running the fingers through a thick beard; interlacing the fingers and toes; giving precedence to the right over the left; washing each limb three times; and carrying out the acts in unbroken succession (muwalāh).

Section
Istinjāʾ (cleansing after urination or defecation) is obligatory. The optimal method is to wipe with stones and then follow that with water. It is permissible to suffice with water alone, or with three stones that cleanse the area; but if one opts for only one of the two, water is preferable. In open country one must avoid facing the qiblah or turning one’s back to it, and must not relieve oneself in stagnant water, beneath a fruit-bearing tree, on a roadway, in shade, or into an animal burrow. One should not speak while relieving oneself, nor face the sun or the moon, nor turn one’s back to them.

Section
The things that invalidate wuduʾ are six: anything that exits from either private part; sleep while not firmly seated; loss of consciousness through intoxication or illness; a man touching a woman to whom he is not maḥram without a barrier; touching the human genital with the inner surface of the hand; and—according to the new opinion—touching the anal opening.

Section
The acts that render ghusl (the major ritual bath) obligatory are six: three of them are shared—