Book of Pilgrimage (Kitāb al-Ḥajj)

The obligation of ḥajj rests on seven conditions: 1) Islam; 2) puberty; 3) sanity; 4) freedom; 5) possession of provisions and a mount; 6) safety and openness of the route; and 7) the physical ability to travel.

The pillars of ḥajj are four: 1) entering iḥrām with the intention; 2) standing at ʿArafah; 3) circumambulating the Kaʿbah (ṭawāf); and 4) traversing between Ṣafā and Marwah (saʿy).

The pillars of ʿumrah are also four: iḥrām, ṭawāf, saʿy, and—according to one of the two opinions—shaving or trimming the hair.

The obligatory acts of ḥajj other than the pillars are three: 1) beginning iḥrām from the designated miqāt; 2) stoning the three jamarāt; and 3) shaving the head.

The sunnahs of ḥajj are seven: 1) ifrād (performing ḥajj before ʿumrah); 2) the talbiyah; 3) the arrival ṭawāf; 4) spending the night in Muzdalifah; 5) two rakʿahs after ṭawāf; 6) spending the nights of Minā; and 7) the farewell ṭawāf. When entering iḥrām, a man removes all sewn garments and wears two unstitched white pieces: an izār (lower wrap) and a ridāʾ (upper wrap).

Section

Ten things are forbidden to a person in iḥrām: wearing stitched clothing; covering the head (for men) or the face (for women); combing the hair; shaving it; clipping the nails; applying perfume; killing game; contracting a marriage; sexual intercourse; and any amorous physical contact.

For every one of these violations a fidyah (compensatory offering) is due, except for the marriage contract, which is void from the outset. The only act that renders the ḥajj invalid is full vaginal intercourse, yet even then one remains in iḥrām despite the invalidation.

Whoever misses the standing at ʿArafah releases himself from iḥrām by performing an ʿumrah; he must then make up the ḥajj and offer a sacrificial animal. Anyone who leaves out a pillar does not leave the state of iḥrām until he performs it.