and—during ʿEid al-Adhā—also after every obligatory prayer, from the dawn of the Day of ʿArafah until the ʿAsr prayer of the last of the Days of Tashrīq.

Section. The eclipse prayer is a confirmed Sunnah; if one misses it, it is not made up. It is performed for both a solar and a lunar eclipse as two rakʿahs, each rakʿah containing two standings in which a long recitation is made, and two bowings in which the glorification is prolonged, while the prostrations are not lengthened. After the prayer the imam delivers two sermons. The recitation is silent in a solar eclipse and audible in a lunar eclipse.

Section. The rain-seeking prayer (ṣalāt al-istisqāʾ) is recommended. The imam first instructs the people to repent, give charity, free themselves from injustices, reconcile with their enemies, and fast for three days. On the fourth day he leads them out wearing humble, workaday clothes, manifesting submission and entreaty. He then leads them in two rakʿahs like the two ʿEid prayers, delivers a sermon afterward, turns his cloak inside out, and makes abundant supplication and seeking of forgiveness. Among the invocations he recites is the supplication of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ:

“O Allah, make it a rainfall of mercy and not a rainfall of punishment, destruction, trial, ruin, or drowning. O Allah, let it fall upon the hills, the small mountains, the places where trees grow, and the valleys’ beds. O Allah, let it be around us and not upon us. O Allah, send us rain that brings relief—pleasant, wholesome, copious, pouring in abundance, all-embracing, rich, drenching, and enveloping, continuous until the Day of Judgment. O Allah, give us rain and do not make us among the despairing. O Allah, Your servants and Your lands are suffering hardship, hunger, and constriction, and we complain only to You. O Allah, cause the crops to grow…”