require one to refer back to any overarching maxim.

Among the principles under which only a limited number of subsidiary rulings fall—yet which reveal the grandeur of Islam and the breadth of its legislation—is, for example, the Prophet’s ﷺ saying:
“There is to be neither harm nor reciprocating harm.” 1
and his ﷺ saying: “Every intoxicant is wine, and every wine is forbidden.” 2
and his ﷺ saying: “Every innovation is misguidance, and every misguidance is in the Fire.” 3

These are comprehensive maxims: nothing connected to personal injury or financial damage escapes the scope of the first hadith, and nothing that intoxicates falls outside the second—whether the intoxicant is derived from grapes, which is the most common, or from corn, or from any other material, so long as