Qawāʿid al-Asmāʾ al-ḤusnāIbn al-Qayyim

and the philosophers’ calling Him a self-necessitating cause 1 or an efficient cause that acts by nature 2, and the like.

  1. Describing Him with attributes from which He is utterly exalted and sanctified, such as the vilest among the Jews saying, “He is poor,” or their assertion, “He rested after creating His creation,” or their claim, “The hand of Allah is chained,” and the like. All of this is deviation with respect to His Names and Attributes.

  2. Stripping the Names of their meanings and denying their realities. This is the view espoused by certain members of the Jahmiyyah and their followers, who allege that they are nothing but bare words carrying neither attributes nor meanings. Hence they ascribe to Him the names “the All-Hearing,” “the All-Seeing,” “the Living,” “the Merciful,” “the Speaker,” and “the One who wills,” yet they insist that He possesses neither life, hearing, sight, speech, nor will that inheres in Him. This is among the gravest forms of deviation—rationally, scripturally, linguistically, and by innate disposition—and it is the mirror opposite of the deviation of the polytheists, for the latter transferred His Names and Attributes to their idols,

(1) The agent that necessitates by its very essence is one from which an act must proceed—provided it constitutes a complete cause—without intention or volition, just as radiance necessarily issues from the sun and burning from fire. Al-Taʿrifat, al-Jurjani, p. 237. (2) The natural efficient cause is that through which a thing comes into existence without the intervention of will. Al-Taʿrifat, al-Jurjani, pp. 140, 155.
وتسمية الفلاسفة له موجبًا بذاته١، أو علةً فاعلةً بالطبع٢، ونحو ذلك. وثالثها: وصفه بما يتعالى عنه ويتقدس من النقائص؛ كقول أخبث اليهود: إنَّه فقير، وقولهم: إنَّه استراح بعد أنْ خلق خلقه، وقولهم: يد الله مغلولة، وأمثال ذلك مما هو إلحادٌ في أسمائه وصفاته. ورابعها: تعطيل الأسماء عن معانيها وجحد حقائقها؛ كقول من يقول من الجهمية وأتباعهم: إنَّها ألفاظٌ مجردةٌ لا تتضمن صفات ولا معاني، فيطلقون عليه اسم السميع والبصير والحي والرحيم والمتكلم والمريد، ويقولون: لا حياة له ولا سمع ولا بصر ولا كلام ولا إرادة تقوم به، وهذا من أعظم الإلحاد فيها عقلاً وشرعًا ولغة وفطرة، وهو يقابل إلحاد المشركين؛ فإنَّ أولئك أعطوا أسمائه وصفاته لآلتهم،
١ الموجب بالذات هو الذي يجب أن يصدر عنه الفعل إن كان علة تامة له من غير قصد وإرادة؛ كوجوب صدور الإشراق من الشمس والإحراق عن النار. التعريفات للجرجاني (ص ٢٣٧) . ٢ العلة الفاعلة بالطبع: هو ما يوجد الشيء بسببه بلا إرادة. التعريفات للجرجاني (ص ١٤٠ و١٥٥) .

Company

  • About
  • Pricing
  • Why Translate?

Support

  • Contact us
  • Report a bug
  • Support us
  • Donate
  • AI combat arena

Follow us

© 2026 Kutub. All rights reserved.
Terms and conditionsPrivacy policyCookies