belong the Most Beautiful Names, so call upon Him by them.”1
It has two degrees:
- a supplication of praise and worship;
- a supplication of request and petition.2
He is to be extolled only by His Most Beautiful Names and Lofty Attributes, and He is to be entreated only through them. One must not say, “O Existent,” or “O Thing,” or “O Essence, forgive me and have mercy on me.” Rather, for every specific need one calls upon Him with a Name whose meaning accords with that need, so the supplicant approaches Him by means of that Name.
Whoever reflects on the invocations of the messengers—especially their seal and leader, may Allah’s blessings and peace be upon them—will find them fully consistent with this principle. This formulation is preferable to the wording of those who say, “Adopt the character of Allah’s Names,” for that expression is unsound3 and is borrowed from the discourse of the philosophers: