Qāʿidah fī al-Inghimās fī al-ʿAdūIbn Taimiya

94 – Malik said, “I have heard that whenever the people of Constantinople are stricken by drought, they uncover his grave and are then given rain.”⦗1⦘

Abu Ayyub’s censure of those who deem the warrior who plunges into enemy ranks to be ‘casting himself into destruction’

95 – Abu Ayyub rejected the view that a fighter who hurls himself at the enemy is thereby casting himself into destruction; in his judgment those truly guilty of that sin are the individuals who forsake jihad in Allah’s cause. Such people twist the words of Allah from their proper context, interpreting the verse in a way that leads to abandoning the struggle for His sake.

Clarifying the meaning of the verse by reference to the passages that precede it

96 – The verse in question is in fact a command to wage jihad in the path of Allah and a prohibition against anything that deters from it. Its intent is plain, as ‘Umar, Abu Ayyub, and other early Muslims affirmed, for Allah says immediately before it: “Fight in the way of Allah those who fight you, but do not transgress, for Allah does not love the transgressors. Kill them wherever you encounter them, and drive them out from where they drove you out, for persecution is worse than killing” (Al-Baqarah 2:190-191).

(1) The isolated report (balagh) whose wording suggests that Imam Malik considered it weak is also quoted by the author in Al-Jawab al-Sahih, 6/118, where he prefaces it with the expression, “They have related…”. The editor of that edition comments that the author should have omitted the report, or that its appearance may be a mere slip of the pen. In my view, it is preferable and more fitting to reproduce the author’s own words from his other books. How apt is his remark in Iqtida al-Sirat, 1/339, when he comments on the same issue: “They likewise mention that the grave of Abu Ayyub al-Ansari among the people of Constantinople is of that sort, yet this provides no precedent. Many graves of the Companions of the Messenger of Allah existed throughout the Muslim lands, along with the Followers and, after them, the leading imams. Not once did they seek relief at a Companion’s grave, invoke rain there, or solicit victory there. It is well known that matters of this kind are exactly those that people are most eager to report—indeed they even transmit things of far lesser importance.” End of quote.
٩٤- قال مالك: "بلغني أن أهل القسطنطينية إذا أجذبوا كشفوا عن قبره فيسقون"١. إنكار أبي أيوب على من جعل المنغمس في العدو ملقيا بيده إلى التهلكة ٩٥- وقد أنكر أبو أيوب على من جعل المنغمس في العدو ملقيا بيده إلى التهلكة دون المجاهدين في سبيل الله ضد ما يتوهمه هؤلاء الذين يحرفون كلام الله عن مواضعه، فإنهم يتأولون الآية على ما فيه ترك الجهاد في سبيل الله. توضيح معنى الآية بما قبلها من الآيات ٩٦- والآية إنما هي أمر بالجهاد في سبيل الله، ونهي عما يصد عنه، والأمر في هذه الآية ظاهر كما قال عمر وأبو أيوب وغيرهما من سلف الأمة؛ وذلك أن الله قال قبل هذه الآية: ﴿وَقَاتِلُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ الَّذِينَ يُقَاتِلُونَكُمْ وَلا تَعْتَدُوا إِنَّ اللَّهَ لا يُحِبُّ الْمُعْتَدِينَ وَاقْتُلُوهُمْ حَيْثُ ثَقِفْتُمُوهُمْ وَأَخْرِجُوهُمْ مِنْ حَيْثُ أَخْرَجُوكُمْ وَالْفِتْنَةُ أَشَدُّ مِنَ الْقَتْلِ﴾ (البقرة: ١٩٠-١٩١) .
١ وهذا البلاغ الذي يشعر بالتضعيف عن الإمام مالك ﵀ أورده المصنف أيضا ﵀ في الجواب الصحيح (٦/١١٨) وصدره بقوله: "وذكروا" فعلق محقق الكتاب عليه: بأن الأولى بالمصنف أن يحذفه أو لعله سبق قلم!! وأقول: الأولى والمناسب نقل كلام المصنف من كتبه الأخرى! وما أحسن ما قاله ﵀ معلقا على هذا الكلام في اقتضاء الصراط (١/٣٣٩) : "ويذكرون أن قبر أبي أيوب الأنصاري عند أهل القسطنطينية كذلك ولا قدوة بهم فقد كان من قبور أصحاب رسول الله ﷺ بالأمصار عدد كثير وعندهم التابعون ومن بعدهم من الأئمة وما استغاثوا عند قبر صحابي قط ولا استسقوا عنده ولا به ولا استنصروا عنده ولا به ومن المعلوم أن مثل هذا مما تتوفر الهمم والدواعي على نقله بل على نقل ما هو دونه" اهـ.

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