Qāʿidah fī al-Inghimās fī al-ʿAdūIbn Taimiya

The Fourth Verse
47- He said to the Children of Israel: “So turn in repentance to your Maker and kill yourselves; that is better for you in your Maker’s sight.” (Al-Baqarah 2:54).
48- Meaning: let some of you put others among you to death.
49- A darkness then enveloped them, so those who had not worshipped the calf proceeded to kill those who had.
50- This command in the earlier dispensation—that they kill one another1—has been replaced for us by something far superior and more beneficial: the believers’ striving against the enemy of Allah and their own enemy, willingly exposing their lives to be taken in His cause by the foe’s hands, not by each other’s. That is a loftier station and earns a greater reward.

(1) Al-Hafiz Ibn Kathir reports: “Az-Zuhri said: When the Children of Israel were ordered to slay themselves, they went out together with Moses, brandishing their swords and stabbing each other with daggers, while Moses stood with his hands raised in supplication. When some of them became exhausted they pleaded, ‘O Prophet of God, pray for us,’ and they held his upper arms to keep his hands lifted. They remained in that state until, once God accepted their repentance, He caused them to restrain their hands from one another and they laid down their weapons. Moses and the Children of Israel grieved over the killings that had occurred among them, so God—exalted be His praise—revealed to Moses: ‘Why do you sorrow? Those who were killed are alive with Me, receiving provision, and those who remained I have forgiven.’ Moses and the Children of Israel were thus comforted.” Ibn Jarir transmits this report from him with a sound chain. See Tafsir Ibn Kathir, 1/93–94. See also: Tafsir al-Tabari, 2/73; Maani al-Quran, 3/84; Tafsir Abi al-Suud, 1/102; Tafsir al-Wahidi, 2/703; Zad al-Masir, 1/82; al-Durr al-Manthur, 1/168; Ruh al-Maani, 1/260.
الآية الرابعة ٤٧- وقد قال لبني إسرائيل: ﴿فَتُوبُوا إِلَى بَارِئِكُمْ فَاقْتُلُوا أَنْفُسَكُمْ ذَلِكُمْ خَيْرٌ لَكُمْ عِنْدَ بَارِئِكُمْ﴾ (البقرة: من الآية٥٤) . ٤٨- أي: ليقتل بعضكم بعضا. ٤٩- فألقى عليهم ظلمة، حتى جعل الذين لم يعبدوا العجل يقتلون الذين عبدوه. ٥٠- هذا الذي كان في شرع من قبلنا من أمره بقتل بعضهم بعضا١ قد عوضنا الله بخير منه وأنفع، وهو جهاد المؤمنين عدو الله وعدوهم وتعريضهم أنفسهم لأن يقتلوا في سبيله بأيدي عدوهم لا بأيدي بعضهم بعضا، وذلك أعظم درجة وأكثر أجرا.
١ قال الحافظ ابن كثير ﵀: "قال الزهري لما أمرت بنو إسرائيل بقتل أنفسها برزوا ومعهم موسى فاضطربوا بالسيوف وتطاعنوا بالخناجر وموسى رافع يديه حتى إذا فتر بعضهم قالوا يا نبي الله أدع الله لنا وأخذوا بعضديه يسندون يديه فلم يزل أمرهم على ذلك حتى إذا قبل الله توبتهم قبض أيديهم بعضهم عن بعض فألقوا السلاح وحزن موسى وبنو إسرائيل للذي كان من القتل فيهم فأوحى الله جل ثناؤه إلى موسى ما يحزنك أما من قتل منهم فحي عندي يرزقون وأما من بقي فقد قبلت توبته فسر بذلك موسى وبنو إسرائيل رواه بن جرير بإسناد جيد عنه " تفسير ابن كثير (١/٩٣، ٩٤) . وراجع أيضا: تفسير الطبري (٢/٧٣) ومعاني القرآن (٣/٨٤) وتفسير أبي السعود (١/١٠٢) وتفسير الواحدي (٢/٧٠٣) وزاد المسير (١/٨٢) والدر المنثور (١/١٦٨) وروح المعاني (١/٢٦٠) .

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