Qāʿidah fī al-Inghimās fī al-ʿAdūIbn Taimiya

The Third Verse
42- Moreover, Allah—glorified be He—has also informed us[1] that He commanded His Close Friend to slaughter his son, so as to test him: would he kill his own child out of love for Allah and obedience to Him?

43- Indeed, for a man to put his child to death is often harder than exposing himself to death; yet fighting in Allah’s cause is dearer to Allah than acts that fall short of that.

The Trial of Abraham through the Slaughter of His Son
44- Thus Allah ordered Abraham to sacrifice his son as an offering, in order to test him. Once Allah knew the sincerity of Abraham’s resolve to carry it out, He lifted that command, for what was sought was not the actual slaughter but the trial of Abraham[2].

(1) This refers to Allah’s words: “So We gave him good news of a forbearing son. When the boy reached an age when he could work with him, he said, ‘My son, I see in my sleep that I am slaughtering you; consider, then, what you think.’ He replied, ‘My father, do what you are commanded; you will find me, if Allah wills, among the steadfast.’ When they had both submitted and he had laid him face-down upon his brow, We called out, ‘O Ibrahim! You have fulfilled the vision. Thus do We reward the doers of good. And We ransomed him with a magnificent sacrifice.’” (Surah al-Saffat, 101-107). (2) Note: The author states, “The sound view is that, whenever a command is issued purely as a test and without any intrinsic benefit in the act itself, the intended purpose is achieved as soon as the servant believes in it and resolves to comply, even if he never carries it out. This is exemplified by Ibrahim when he was ordered to sacrifice his son, and by the hadith of the bald, the leper, and the blind man: when the wayfarer asked them for charity, the leper and the bald man refused and were stripped of the blessing, whereas the blind man gave what was requested and was told, ‘Keep your wealth; you were only being tested. Allah is pleased with you and angry with your two companions.’ Here, the wisdom lies in the very fact of the command and prohibition, not in the physical performance of the deed. A servant may be commanded or forbidden so that the wisdom consists in his obedience, his submission, and his willingness to offer what is asked—just as Ibrahim was required to put Allah’s love above his love for his son, thereby perfecting his intimate friendship with Allah before the actual slaughter. Once he stepped forward and firmly resolved to obey, it became clear that Allah was dearer to him than his child or anything else, and no other love remained in his heart to rival the love of Allah.” (Majmu‘ al-Fatawa, 14/145).
الآية الثالثة ٤٢- وأيضا: فإن الله سبحانه قد أخبر١ أنه أمر خليله بذبح ابنه ليبتليه هل يقتل ولده في محبة الله وطاعته؟! ٤٣- وقتل الإنسان ولده قد يكون أشق عليه من تعريضه نفسه للقتل، والقتال في سبيل الله أحب إلى الله مما ليس كذلك. امتحان إبراهيم بذبح ابنه ٤٤- والله أمر إبراهيم بذبح ابنه قربانا؛ ليمتحنه بذلك ولذلك نسخ ذلك عنه لما علم صدق عزمه في قتله؛ فإن المقود لم يكن ذبحه لكن ابتلاء إبراهيم٢.
١ وذلك في قوله تعالى: ﴿فَبَشَّرْنَاهُ بِغُلامٍ حَلِيمٍ فَلَمَّا بَلَغَ مَعَهُ السَّعْيَ قَالَ يَا بُنَيَّ إِنِّي أَرَى فِي الْمَنَامِ أَنِّي أَذْبَحُكَ فَانْظُرْ مَاذَا تَرَى قَالَ يَا أَبَتِ افْعَلْ مَا تُؤْمَرُ سَتَجِدُنِي إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ مِنَ الصَّابِرِينَ فَلَمَّا أَسْلَمَا وَتَلَّهُ لِلْجَبِينِ وَنَادَيْنَاهُ أَنْ يَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ قَدْ صَدَّقْتَ الرُّؤْيا إِنَّا كَذَلِكَ نَجْزِي الْمُحْسِنِينَ وَفَدَيْنَاهُ بِذِبْحٍ عَظِيمٍ﴾ (الصافات:١٠١-١٠٧) . ٢ فائدة: قال المصنف ﵀: "والتحقيق أن الأمر الذي هو ابتلاء وامتحان يحض عليه من غير منفعة في الفعل متى اعتقده العبد وعزم على الامتثال حصل المقصود وإن لم يفعله كإبراهيم لما أمر بذبح ابنه وكحديث "أقرع وأبرص وأعمى" لما طلب منهم إعطاء بن السبيل فامتنع الأبرص والأقرع فسلبا النعمة وأما الأعمى فبذل المطلوب فقيل له أمسك مالك فإنما ابتليتم فقد رضي عنك وسخط على صاحبيك وهذا هو الحكمة الناشئة من نفس الأمر والنهي لا من نفس الفعل فقد يؤمر العبد وينهى وتكون الحكمة طاعته للأمر وانقياده له وبذله للمطلوب كما كان المطلوب من إبراهيم تقديم حب الله على حبه لابنه حتى تتم خلته به قبل ذبح هذا المحبوب لله فلما أقدم عليه وقوى عزمه بإرادته لذلك تحقق بأن الله أحب إليه من الولد وغيره ولم يبق في قلبه محبوب يزاحم محبة الله " مجموع الفتاوى (١٤/١٤٥) .

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