Sharh al-Qawaid al-Arbaah - Salih Al-Fawzan - (21)

Sharh al-Qawaid al-ArbaahSalih Al-Fawzan

And the evidence for intercession is the Almighty’s statement: “They worship, instead of Allah, that which can neither harm them nor benefit them, and they say, ‘These are our intercessors with Allah.’” [Yunus:18].

Intercession is of two kinds: a rejected intercession and an affirmed intercession.

The rejected intercession is that which is sought from anyone other than Allah in matters that none but Allah can accomplish. The proof is His saying: “O you who believe, spend from what We have provided you before there comes a Day when there will be no bargaining, no friendship, and no intercession; and the disbelievers are the wrongdoers.” [al-Baqarah:254].
The affirmed intercession is the intercession that is asked of Allah alone. The intercessor is honored with the privilege of intercession, and the one for whom he intercedes is the person whose words and deeds Allah approves—after He grants permission—as He, the Exalted, says: “Who is it that can intercede with Him except by His permission?” [al-Baqarah:255].

…for whomever He chooses (Quran 21:28); these are the sinful yet still monotheistic believers. By contrast, the unbelievers and the polytheists will gain nothing from any intercessor: “For the wrong-doers there will be no intimate friend and no intercessor who will be heeded” (Quran 40:18). They have heard of intercession without grasping its meaning, and they seek it from creatures without Allah’s leave—even on behalf of one who associates partners with Allah, for whom no intercession can help. Such people therefore confuse genuine intercession with the false. 7. Intercession has conditions and limits; it is not unrestricted. Intercession is of two types. The first is the one Allah, exalted is He, has denied: intercession without His permission, for no one may intercede with Him except by His leave. Even the best of creation, the Seal of the Prophets Muhammad ﷺ, when he wishes to intercede for the people assembled on the Day of Resurrection, will fall prostrate before his Lord, praising and extolling Him, and will remain so until it is said to him: “Raise your head, speak and you will be heard, intercede…

ودليل الشفاعة قوله –تعالى-: ﴿وَيَعْبُدُونَ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ مَا لَا يَضُرُّهُمْ وَلَا يَنْفَعُهُمْ وَيَقُولُونَ هَؤُلَاءِ شُفَعَاؤُنَا عِنْدَ اللَّهِ﴾ [يونس:١٨] ، والشفاعة شفاعتان: شفاعة منفيّة وشفاعة مثبَتة: فالشفاعة المنفيّة ما كانت تٌطلب من غير الله فيما لا يقدر عليه إلاّ الله، والدليل: قوله –تعالى-: ﴿يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا أَنفِقُوا مِمَّا رَزَقْنَاكُمْ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ يَأْتِيَ يَوْمٌ لَا بَيْعٌ فِيهِ وَلَا خُلَّةٌ وَلَا شَفَاعَةٌ وَالْكَافِرُونَ هُمْ الظَّالِمُونَ﴾ [البقرة:٢٥٤] . والشفاعة المثبَتة هي: التي تُطلب من الله، والشّافع مُكْرَمٌ بالشفاعة، والمشفوع له: من رضيَ اللهُ قوله وعمله بعد الإذن كما قال –تعالى-: ﴿مَنْ ذَا الَّذِي يَشْفَعُ عِنْدَهُ إِلَّا بِإِذْنِهِ﴾ [البقرة:٢٥٥] .

= لِمَنِ ارْتَضَى﴾ [الأنبياء: ٢٨] ، وهم عصاة الموحدين، أما الكفار والمشركون فما تنفعهم شفاعة الشافعين ﴿مَا لِلظَّالِمِينَ مِنْ حَمِيمٍ وَلَا شَفِيعٍ يُطَاعُ﴾ [غافر: ١٨] فهؤلاء سمعوا بالشفاعة ولا عرفوا معناها، وراحوا يطلبونها من هؤلاء بدون إذن الله –﷿، بل طلبوها لمن هو مشركٌ بالله لا تنفعه شفاعة الشافعين، فهؤلاء يجهلون معنى الشفاعة الحقة والشفاعة الباطلة. ٧- الشفاعة لها شروط ولها قيود، ليس مطلقة. فالشفاعة شفاعتان: شفاعة نفاها الله –جل وعلا-، وهي الشفاعة بغير إذنه –﷾، فلا يشفع أحد عند الله إلا بإذنه، وأفضل الخلق وخاتم النبيين محمد –ﷺ إذا أراد أن يشفع لأهل الموقف يوم القيامة يخرّ ساجداً بين يدي ربه ويدعوه ويحمده ويُثني عليه، ولا يزال ساجداً حتى يُقال له: "ارفع رأسك، وقل تُسمع، واشفع =