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First: the Friday prayer is subject to special rulings that, by the unanimous agreement of the Muslims, set it apart from the regular Zuhr prayer of each day—even if some have called it a “shortened Zuhr.” For the Friday prayer is tied to its appointed time; once that time has passed it is not made up, whereas Zuhr may be performed later as a makeup prayer.
أحدهما: أن الجمعة مخصوصة بأحكام تفارق بها ظهر كل يوم باتفاق المسلمين، وإن سميت ظهرا مقصورة. فإن الجمعة يشترط لها الوقت، فلا تقضي، والظهر تقضي.